10 Myths Your Boss Has Concerning Evolution Korea
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Evolution Korea
South Korea's democracy is prone to populist tendencies. It's still more stable than we had hoped for.
The country is searching for a new way of developing. The Confucian culture, which emphasizes respect for ancestors as well as gendered family relationships, continues to be influential in the society. There are signs of a secularist cultural trend forming.
Origins
In the early days, the ancestors to today's Koreans were able to survive by hunting and gathering wild food. Then around 10,000 years ago they began to cultivate crops including millet and beans. They also raised livestock and made furs. They also established tribal states one after another in Manchuria and on the Korean peninsula. They also developed a metallurgy industry, producing bronze and later iron tools. They traded with other states and introduced celadon papermaking, block printing art styles, and written language to Japan.
In 2333 BCE Gojoseon came into existence in the southern region of the peninsula. The state adopted Buddhism and adopted Chinese culture, including Confucian philosophy. During this time, the people of Buyeo joined Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a hierarchical society that included a monarch as well as high-ranking officials were drawn from the landed aristocracy whereas the majority of the population was peasants. The state took taxes from these citizens and sometimes even required them to join the army or build fortifications.
Onjo, a prince from Goguryeo who was also the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo, founded the state of Baekje at the close of the time. The new kingdom grew into the southwest part of the peninsula, and was at war against Goguryeo's commanderies and China's in the region. Baekje included elements of Confucian beliefs into its official beliefs and made the male-centric filiopiety idea as a law in 1390 CE. In the name of filiopiety, fathers were accountable to their families. They had to be obeyed by everyone and admired by even their children and grandchildren.
Goryeo, a country that was ruled from 918 to 1392 CE, gave the world the Hangul Alphabet, based on the shapes that were created by the mouth when pronouncing. This greatly improved communication and led to a boom in the writing of Buddhist text. Woodblock printing and movable type were also improved. It was during this period that the Samguk sagi, or 'History Of the Three Kingdoms' was first recorded in 1145 CE.
Development in Korea
The Korean peninsula was habitable from Neolithic times onwards. Early evidence of human settlements can be seen in the form of graves paved with stone, with precious objects like amazonite jewelry buried with the dead. Megalithic structures, referred to as dolmens and constructed of single large stones, are prevalent throughout the country.
Gojoseon became the first political state to be recognized during the first half of 1st millennium BCE. The peninsula was later controlled by a variety of states during the Three Kingdoms Period (57 BC-635 CE) which included Baekje and Goguryeo. The northern part of the peninsula was occupied for a period by the Balhae Kingdom that historians do believe to be a real Korean state.
After the Three Kingdoms, several smaller states emerged in the Proto-Three Kingdoms period, or Several States Period (yeolgugsidae). Baekje is the most powerful of these states, was weakened by the collapse of Goguryeo (676 CE), leaving it with only its southern territories in Manchuria and the its western region around Hwanghae Bay. Eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy, thrived for a short period of time.
The Unified Silla Kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms started to cooperate to expand their territories. In the end, Silla, with significant Chinese aid, conquered all other states and unified the peninsula in 935 CE.
As Korea enters a post-crisis phase its development model appears to be changing. The people who are affronted by the enormous cost of the old system would prefer an extensive program of liberalization of capital as well as labor and product markets. On the other hand, supporters of the old system want to protect it by using nationalist sentiments and inflating fears of job loss.
Academics and analysts are divided on the extent to which Korea's growth is being driven by these two trends. This article reviews the latest developments by analyzing five phases of the country's political evolution including democratic illiberalism (1945-60) democratic authoritarianism (1961-72) and authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-87), democratic paternalism (1987-2001), and participatory democracy (2002 to the present). This article also highlights key factors that seem to be shaping these processes.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26 percent of the population is Christian. Creationists have succeeded in promoting their views among this group. A 2009 survey found that nearly three-quarters of respondents did not believe in evolution. Of those who voted, 41% stated there was not enough scientific evidence to support the theory 39% of respondents said it contradicted their religious beliefs. 17 percent said they didn't know what it meant. The level of doubt is similar to that of the United States where a similar percentage do not believe humans evolved from less advanced forms of life.
In the past, the anti-evolution movement in Korea was primarily focused on the education of students and in bringing Christ to them. A significant increase in interest in creation science came in the year 1980, following the inauguration of a four-day seminar during the World Evangelization Crusade in Seoul which included Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Gish of ICR as the featured speakers. This event attracted a huge number of church leaders, and scientists.
The success of this event resulted in the creation of the Korea Association of Creation Research (KACR) on January 31st 1981. The inauguration event was widely reported in the national press, including The Korea Times and Chosun Ilbo and received wide attention.
KACR began publishing a newsletter titled CREATION. In it, the organization reported on its own activities and published articles about scientific evidence for creationism. It also translated a number of films and slides from ICR and also some books on the subject that were in print outside of Korea. KACR members also gave talks at universities and churches throughout the country.
One instance of an KACR success story occurred at the KAIST university in Seoul. There, there were enough students interested in the idea of creationism that they raised the money and support to construct an on-campus museum with creationist fossil models and other exhibits.
In addition to its activities, KACR has published a bimonthly magazine, CREATION. This magazine covers topics in the field of creation science. It also sponsored a series of lectures by ICR staff. It has also established a network of local branch offices that host seminars and talks to schoolchildren and other community groups.
Changes in South Korea
In the latter half of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century, Korea began to adopt an increasingly Westernized lifestyle. The hanbok, the traditional Korean dress, gave way to miniskirts and other fashion elements imported from abroad. The traditional Korean music was also replaced by jazz and rock & roll. In this time, the famous samulnori or the masked dance-dramas were very popular. These dramatic dances were performed to the accompaniment of shaman drums and various musical instruments.
Korea's new development model is being created in the wake of the economic crisis. The main challenge for the new regime is to strike the right balance between market-oriented and state-led economic policies. It also involves rethinking the incentives and monitoring policies that created the system prior to the crisis. These issues are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4.
Baekje, founded by Onjo the prince and third son of Jumong of Goguryeo, was founded by people from the Hangang River area, Buyeo and other regions as well as migrant workers from northern China. Baekje, a major regional power in the early 4th Century, expanded its territory to Mahan in north and Jeollanam-do south. This meant that it was constantly in conflict with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanders at the border.
The decline of Silla in the late 8th and 9th centuries saw strong local factions to emerge. Gungye was a nobleman from Later Baekje who established a kingdom in Songak with Songak as its capital. He ruled a portion of the present-day Jeolla province and Chungcheong. Later, he relocated the capital to Wansanju. He became a rival to Goguryeo.
However his rule was not long-lasting. Wang Geon, a powerful local leader who defeated Gungye in 935 and unified Goryeo, Baekje, and Silla Later, he incorporated Baekje into Goryeo peacefully as a successor. In addition, Wang Geon introduced fundamental reforms and strengthened a centralized rule system. This marked the end to the Three Kingdoms Period. From then on the Korean peninsula was get more info controlled by the Goryeo Dynasty. In the Three Kingdoms Period, Goguryeo Baekje Silla slowly grew into powerful states on the peninsula as well as in Manchuria.